- Aspartic acid is a non-essential amino acid that is important for the synthesis of proteins and the function of neurotransmitters in the brain. It is a naturally occurring amino acid found in many foods and is involved in the urea cycle and glutamate metabolism. Aspartic acid can be synthesized by the body and is essential for normal cellular function, particularly in the nervous and immune systems.
How is it Made?
Aspartic acid is synthesized in the body from oxaloacetate, an intermediate in the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle). The process involves the enzyme aspartate aminotransferase, which facilitates the transfer of an amino group to oxaloacetate, resulting in the formation of aspartic acid. Aspartic acid is also present in various foods, especially high-protein foods like meat, legumes, and dairy products.
Uses
Food Production
- Food Additive: Aspartic acid is commonly used as a flavor enhancer and is sometimes found in processed foods and beverages, either as free aspartic acid or as part of the artificial sweetener aspartame.
- Nutritional Supplement: Aspartic acid is sometimes included in dietary supplements for its role in improving athletic performance and reducing fatigue.
Pharmaceuticals
- Neurotransmitter Support: Aspartic acid is involved in the synthesis of neurotransmitters, such as glutamate, which plays a critical role in brain function and communication between neurons.
- Amino Acid Supplement: It is used in supplements aimed at enhancing physical performance, increasing stamina, and supporting recovery from exercise.
Key Facts
- Aspartic acid is classified as a non-essential amino acid because the body can synthesize it.
- It is one of the two amino acids (the other being glutamic acid) that form the basis of excitatory neurotransmitters, which stimulate brain activity and promote alertness.
- Aspartic acid is found in high concentrations in foods like meat, eggs, soybeans, and lentils.
Health Benefits and Safety
- Potential Health Benefits:
- Supports energy metabolism by playing a role in the urea cycle and amino acid synthesis.
- Contributes to brain health by acting as a neurotransmitter and aiding in nerve cell communication.
- May improve physical performance and reduce fatigue, especially when used in supplementation.
- Possible Side Effects:
- Aspartic acid is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when consumed in normal dietary amounts.
- High doses of aspartic acid supplements may cause mild side effects, including headaches, dizziness, or gastrointestinal discomfort, but these are rare.
Its chemical formula is C₄H₇NO₄.